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Chylomicron
Largest, lowest-density lipoprotein particles, synthesized by intestinal enterocytes to transport dietary triglycerides and fat-soluble vitamins from gut to peripheral tissues and liver.
After triglyceride digestion, enterocytes re-esterify long-chain fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerols, package them with apoB-48 into chylomicrons, and secrete them into lymphatic lacteals. In capillaries, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides, releasing fatty acids and producing chylomicron remnants that hepatocytes clear via the LRP1 and LDL receptors. LPL deficiency causes severe hyperchylomicronemia with pancreatitis risk.
How each textbook covers it
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism, 8th ed. (Gropper) — Glossary
The largest, least dense lipoprotein class, assembled in enterocytes and secreted into lymph. Carries dietary triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins. Lipoprotein lipase strips triglycerides at peripheral tissues, generating chylomicron remnants cleared by the liver.
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th ed. — Ch 4: Lipids and Lipid Metabolites
After triglyceride digestion, enterocytes re-esterify long-chain fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerols, package them with apoB-48 into chylomicrons, and secrete them into lymphatic lacteals. In capillaries, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triglycerides, releasing fatty acids and producing chylomicron remnants that hepatocytes clear via the LRP1 and LDL receptors. LPL deficiency causes severe hyperchylomicronemia with pancreatitis risk.
Related terms
Apolipoprotein, Chylomicron remnant, Lipoprotein, Lipoprotein lipase, Lipoproteins, Triglyceride, VLDL