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Osteoporosis
Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to fracture, defined operationally by WHO as DXA T-score ≤ -2.5 at hip or spine.
Osteoporosis affects an estimated 200 million people globally and one in three women over 50. Risk factors include age, postmenopausal estrogen deficiency, low BMI, family history, glucocorticoids, smoking, and excessive alcohol. Nutritional strategy: adequate calcium (1,200 mg/d) and vitamin D (800-1,000 IU/d in older adults), sufficient protein (1.0-1.2 g/kg/d), Mediterranean/DASH dietary patterns, weight-bearing exercise. Pharmacologic therapy (bisphosphonates, denosumab, anabolic agents) for high-risk patients.
How each textbook covers it
duyff-complete-food-and-nutrition-guide-5e
Krause and Mahan's Food and the Nutrition Care Process, 16th ed. — Chapter 24
Diagnosed by DEXA T-score <= -2.5 at hip or spine, or by a fragility fracture. Primary osteoporosis is age- and estrogen-deficiency-related; secondary causes include glucocorticoid use, hyperthyroidism, malabsorption, and inflammatory diseases. Prevention and treatment require adequate calcium and vitamin D, weight-bearing exercise, fall prevention, and pharmacotherapy (bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide, romosozumab).
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th ed. — Ch 88: Prevention and Management of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis affects an estimated 200 million people globally and one in three women over 50. Risk factors include age, postmenopausal estrogen deficiency, low BMI, family history, glucocorticoids, smoking, and excessive alcohol. Nutritional strategy: adequate calcium (1,200 mg/d) and vitamin D (800-1,000 IU/d in older adults), sufficient protein (1.0-1.2 g/kg/d), Mediterranean/DASH dietary patterns, weight-bearing exercise. Pharmacologic therapy (bisphosphonates, denosumab, anabolic agents) for high-risk patients.
Related terms
Bone Mineral Density, Bone mineral density, Calcium, DXA, Osteopenia, Vitamin D