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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)
Proinflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and adipocytes that activates NF-κB signaling, drives insulin resistance via serine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and contributes to cachexia.
Also: TNF, TNF-alpha
TNF-α is elevated in obesity, IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic infection. It is a major driver of cancer cachexia and inflammatory bowel disease, and anti-TNF biologics (infliximab, adalimumab) transformed IBD therapy. Omega-3 fatty acids and certain polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin) suppress TNF-α production in vitro and modestly in clinical settings.
How one textbook covers it
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 12th ed. — Ch 65: Nutrition and Inflammatory Processes
TNF-α is elevated in obesity, IBD, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic infection. It is a major driver of cancer cachexia and inflammatory bowel disease, and anti-TNF biologics (infliximab, adalimumab) transformed IBD therapy. Omega-3 fatty acids and certain polyphenols (resveratrol, curcumin) suppress TNF-α production in vitro and modestly in clinical settings.
Related terms
Cachexia, IL-6, Inflammation, Obesity