O.

Chronic disease characterized by excess body fat sufficient to impair health, defined in adults by BMI >=30 kg/m².

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals that alter lipid metabolism by binding hormone receptors.

Study in which the assignment of subjects to control or treated groups is outside the investigator's control.

Ochratoxin A is a other — Toxin (mycotoxin) produced by Aspergillus species; contaminant of foods

older adult nutrition

Oleic Acid is a flavoring — Fatty acid from animal/vegetable fats; defoaming additive, synthetic butter/cheese/spice flavoring, lubricant, binder

Olestra is a other — Fat substitute (sucrose polyester); cannot be digested; zero calories

Short chains of monosaccharide units joined by covalent bonds.

Olive Oil is a other — Monounsaturated edible oil from ripe olives

omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-6 is a other — Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); excessive intake in Western diets associated with pathogenesis of many diseases

omega-6 fatty acids

Genes capable of causing a normal cell to convert to a cancerous cell.

Pre-lethal pathway with cellular and organelle swelling and increased membrane permeability leading to cell death.

Integrated network of folate- and methionine-dependent reactions that transfer one-carbon units for nucleotide synthesis, amino acid metabolism, and methylation reactions.

Paralysis of the ocular muscles.

Oreo_Formulation is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Pertaining to increasing or stimulating the appetite.

organic

Organophosphates is a pesticide residue — Phosphorus-containing pesticides and insecticides

Organotin is a other — Heat stabilizers in PVC and CPVC piping; contaminant in drinking water

Solute particle numbers expressed as osmoles per kg of solvent.

Solute particle numbers expressed as osmoles per liter of solution.

Number of moles of particles in solution.

Net movement of solvent from lower to higher solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Property of a solution proportional to nondiffusible solute concentration.

Bone-forming cells.

Cells that break down or resorb bone.

Bone-mineralization defect in adults due to inadequate vitamin D.

Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to fracture, defined operationally by WHO as DXA T-score ≤ -2.5 at hip or spine.

Enzymatic reaction in which oxygen is added to or hydrogen and electrons are removed from a reactant.

Mitochondrial pathway that makes ATP from ADP and Pi.

Imbalance between production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antioxidant defenses, leading to damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA implicated in aging, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer.

Oxidized Starch is a thickener gum — Modified starch

Enzymes that catalyze redox reactions.

Oxytetracycline is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic used in feed to increase growth in chickens and turkeys