G.

Galactooligosaccharide is a other — Ingredient in candy bars, yogurt, frozen desserts, infant formula at levels 1-7g per serving

Galangal Root is a flavoring — Bitters, vermouth, spice, and ginger ale flavoring

Galbanum Oil is a flavoring — Fruit, nut, and spice flavoring for beverages, ice cream, candy

Gallates is a antioxidant — Antioxidants derived from gallic acid

Gambir Gum is a flavoring — Flavoring

Gamma-Tocopherol is a antioxidant — Vitamin E form; antioxidant

Sphingolipids containing an oligosaccharide with sialic acid at the terminal hydroxyl.

Channels between cells.

Garlic Extract is a flavoring — Fruit and garlic flavoring

Garlic Oil is a flavoring — Fruit and garlic flavoring for beverages, ice cream, candy

Gas is a gas packaging — Removing or displacing oxygen in processing/storage/packaging

Chronic symptomatic or complicated reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus due to lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction.

Gelatin_And_Phosphate_Pudding_Set is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Gelatins is a thickener gum — Food thickener and stabilizer; base for fruit gelatins, puddings, sausage casings

Gellan Gum is a thickener gum — Stabilizer and thickener

Nutrition care that supports the medical, psychological, and social dimensions of transition for transgender and gender-diverse clients.

Section of chromosomal DNA that codes for a single protein.

FDA designation for food substances considered safe by qualified experts under intended conditions of use, exempting them from formal additive approval.

genetically modified organism (GMO)

Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology methods not occurring naturally.

Sum of all the chromosomal genes of a cell.

Gentamycin Sulfate is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic used to treat pork and turkey

Gentian Violet is a preservative — Fungicide

Geraniol is a flavoring — Berry, lemon, rose, apple, cherry, peach, honey, root beer flavoring

Geranium Rose Oil is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring in strawberry, lemon, cola, geranium, rose, violet flavorings

gestational diabetes

Carbohydrate intolerance first identified during pregnancy, typically detected at 24 to 28 weeks.

Ghatti Gum is a thickener gum — Emulsifier in butter, butterscotch, fat flavorings

Ghee is a other — Indian clarified butter without solids or water

Gastric fundus-derived peptide hormone (the only known peripheral orexigen) that rises premeally and falls postmeally, stimulating hunger via hypothalamic NPY/AgRP neurons.

Gibberellic Acid is a other — Plant growth-promoting hormone for malt beverages and distilled spirits

Ginger is a flavoring — Spice and flavoring in beverages, ice cream, ices, baked goods

Ginger Oil is a flavoring — Flavoring for beverages, ice cream, candy

Ginkgo Biloba is a other — Herbal extract; sometimes used as flavoring/supplement

Ginseng is a flavoring — Flavoring; widely used as Asian medicine

International consensus framework for diagnosing malnutrition using one phenotypic plus one etiologic criterion.

Pancreatic hormone secreted in response to decreasing blood glucose; promotes hepatic glucose release.

Incretin hormone secreted by intestinal L cells in response to nutrients (especially carbohydrates, fats, and SCFAs from microbial fermentation) that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion, delays gastric emptying, and increases satiety via central nervous system action.

Glucitol is a natural sweetener — Anticaking, humectant, nutritive sweetener, stabilizer, thickener

Glucomannan is a thickener gum — Powder extracted from konjac plant; absorbs liquid in stomach

Gluconate is a acidulant — Sequestrants derived from glucose; buffer for confections, firming additive

Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors (lactate, glycerol, glucogenic amino acids, propionate) primarily in liver and kidney during fasting.

Gluconic Acid is a acidulant — Dietary supplement and sequestrant

Glucono-Delta-Lactone is a acidulant — Leavening, acidifier, binder, curing, pH control, pickling, sequestrant

Glucosamine is a amino acid — Amino derivative of glucose; therapeutic use against cartilage degeneration

Glucose is a natural sweetener — Sweeter than sucrose; used to flavor sausage, hamburger, meat loaf, processed ham

Glucose Pentaacetate is a natural sweetener — Sugar substitute used for diabetics

Glucose Syrup is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Chromium-containing compound that may potentiate insulin action.

Glutamate is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer, taste enhancer for natural food flavors

Glutamic Acid is a amino acid — Salt substitute; enhances food flavors and adds meat flavor

Most abundant free amino acid in plasma and skeletal muscle, conditionally essential in critical illness, that serves as nitrogen carrier, gluconeogenic precursor, and primary fuel for enterocytes and rapidly dividing immune cells.

Glutaraldehyde is a flavor enhancer — Food flavor enhancer; fixing additive

Family of selenocysteine-containing antioxidant enzymes that reduce hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides using reduced glutathione as electron donor, generating water and glutathione disulfide.

Gluten Gum is a thickener gum — Mixture of wheat proteins; contributes to porous, spongy quality

gluten-free labeling

Non-enzymatic addition of sugars to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, with progression through Amadori products to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), accelerated in hyperglycemia.

Ranking of carbohydrate-containing foods by their effect on postprandial blood glucose relative to a reference (glucose or white bread = 100), measured as the incremental area under the 2-hour glucose curve.

Product of a food's glycemic index and the grams of available carbohydrate per serving, divided by 100, expressing the glycemic impact of typical portions.

Glycerides is a emulsifier — Emulsifying and defoaming additives for bakery, beverages, ice cream

Glycerin is a humectant — Humectant in tobacco, marshmallows, jellies; solvent for colors/flavors; plasticizer

Glycerol Esters Of Wood Rosin is a stabilizer — Chewing-gum base and beverage stabilizer

Glycerol Stearate is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Glyceryl Monostearate is a emulsifier — Emulsifying and dispersing additive in oleomargarine, shortenings, cookies

Glycine is a amino acid — Dietary supplement, gastric antacid; masks saccharin aftertaste

Layer of glycoprotein and polysaccharide surrounding many cells.

Pathway by which glucose is converted to glycogen.

Pathway by which glycogen is enzymatically broken down to glucose.

Glycolic Acid is a acidulant — Controls acid-alkali balance; copper brightening, decontamination, dyeing

Pathway by which glucose is converted to pyruvate.

Glycophen is a pesticide residue — Fungicide used in animal feed and various crops

Proteins covalently bound to a carbohydrate.

Unbranched polysaccharide of alternating units of two different sugars.

Digestive enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides to constituent monosaccharides.

Hemoglobin that has glucose attached non-enzymatically; reflects average blood glucose over the prior 2 to 3 months.

Glycyrrhizin, Ammoniated is a natural sweetener — Sugar substitute (100x sweeter than sugar); licorice/anise flavoring

Glyphosate is a pesticide residue — Broad spectrum, postemergent herbicide used in animal feed

Gold is a colorant — External decoration on chocolate confectionery, dragees, sugar-coated flour confectionery

Organelle that modifies and packages macromolecules synthesized in the ER for transport.

Gonadorelin is a veterinary drug — Hormone injection for cattle to increase growth

Grains Of Paradise is a flavoring — Fruit, ginger, ginger ale, and pepper flavoring

Grape Color Extract is a colorant — Coloring from grape residue for still/carbonated drinks

Grapefruit Oil is a flavoring — Lemon, lime, orange, peach flavoring

grass fed

Green Tea Extract is a antioxidant — Antioxidant; may help prevent illness, boost antibiotics

Growth Hormone is a veterinary drug — Hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction

Guaiac Gum is a antioxidant — Antioxidant in edible fats/oils, beverages, rendered animal fat

Guanylic Acid Sodium Salt is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer in canned foods, poultry, sauces, snacks, soups

Guar Gum is a thickener gum — Stabilizer, thickener, binder; 5-8x thickening power of starch

Guarana is a flavoring — Caffeine source from Brazilian plant

Guava is a flavoring — Jelly flavoring; folk medicine

Gum Arabic is a thickener gum — Emulsifier, stabilizer, gelling additive

Gum Karaya is a thickener gum — Stabilizer in cheese, dressings, ice cream, jelly, jam

Gum Tragacanth is a thickener gum — Thickener and stabilizer in fruit jelly, icings, sherbets, salad dressing

Trillions of microorganisms colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to digestion, immunity, and metabolism.

Bidirectional communication network linking the central nervous system with the enteric nervous system and gut microbiota.

Guthion is a pesticide residue — Organophosphorous pesticide used on apples, pears, cherries, peaches, almonds, cotton

Excess body fat that accumulates around hips and thighs.