I.

Imazalil is a pesticide residue — Antifungal used on dried citrus pulp for animal feed

Imidazolidinyl Urea is a preservative — Bactericidal preservative

Indeno(1,2,3-Cd)Pyrene is a other — Pollutant from incomplete combustion

Stable isotope tracer method that determines amino acid or protein requirements by feeding graded levels of the test amino acid and measuring oxidation of an isotopically labeled indicator amino acid.

Indigo Carmine is a colorant — Synthetic blue food coloring

Measurement of O2 consumption and CO2 expiration to estimate metabolic rate.

Indole is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring in raspberry, strawberry, bitters, chocolate, orange flavorings

Industrial Coconut Oil is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

infant formula

Physiological response to injury or infection involving immune cell activation, vasodilation, and release of cytokines and other mediators.

Chronic relapsing immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, comprising Crohn's disease (transmural, anywhere from mouth to anus) and ulcerative colitis (mucosal, colon only).

ingredient list

Inosinic Acid is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer found in muscle and other tissue

Inositol is a nutrient vitamin — Dietary supplement of vitamin B family

insoluble fiber

Pancreatic hormone secreted in response to rising blood glucose; promotes uptake into muscle and adipose tissue.

Diminished biological response of target tissues (liver, muscle, adipose) to insulin, requiring higher insulin concentrations to maintain euglycemia and underlying type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and NAFLD.

Hepatic peptide hormone produced in response to growth hormone that mediates most of GH's anabolic effects, including muscle protein synthesis, bone formation, and tissue growth.

Interesterified Fat is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Pleiotropic cytokine secreted by macrophages, T cells, and adipocytes that drives hepatic acute-phase response (including CRP and hepcidin synthesis), B cell differentiation, and chronic inflammatory disease.

Strong, ropelike cytoskeletal fibers that provide mechanical stability.

Patterns of eating that incorporate regular periods of substantial energy restriction or fasting, including time-restricted eating, alternate-day fasting, and 5:2 schedules.

Global framework that defines texture-modified foods and thickened liquids on a numeric scale from 0 to 7.

Quantity of a nutrient producing a particular biologic effect; varies by nutrient.

Noncoding regions of a gene.

Inulin is a thickener gum — Water binder, emulsifier, stabilizer, texturizer; prebiotic

Invert Sugar is a natural sweetener — 50% glucose and 50% fructose; sweeter than sucrose

Invert Sugar Syrup is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Trace element required as the substrate for thyroid hormone (T3, T4) synthesis, taken up by thyroid follicular cells via the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS).

Iodine Sources is a nutrient mineral — Iodized salt, mineral supplement; thyroid hormone component

Iodophores is a veterinary drug — Antimicrobials (monensin, lasalocid, etc.) for ruminant feed

Three selenoenzymes (D1, D2, D3) that activate and inactivate thyroid hormones by removing iodine: D1 and D2 convert T4 to active T3, D3 inactivates T3 and T4 to reverse T3 and T2.

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms.

Iprodione is a pesticide residue — Fungicide used on various commodities

Ipronidazole is a veterinary drug — Feed additive, antiprotozoal; growth promoter in poultry

iron

Iron (Dietary Excess) is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Insufficient iron stores to support normal red blood cell production, the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia (low Hb, MCV <80 fL) due to depleted iron stores resulting in impaired hemoglobin synthesis, with low ferritin, low transferrin saturation, and elevated soluble transferrin receptor.

Iron Oxide is a colorant — Coloring for dyeing eggshells and pet food

Iron, Elemental is a nutrient mineral — Mineral element; added to enriched cereals, bread, cornmeal

Irradiated Food is a other — Food showered with ionizing radiation beams to kill bacteria

irradiation

Chronic functional GI disorder characterized by abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits, in the absence of structural disease.

Deficiency of blood in a tissue.

Isoamyl Acetate is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring with pear odor; widely used

Isoamyl Alcohol is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring; chocolate, apple, banana, brandy, rum

Isoeugenol is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Proteins with different amino acid sequences that perform the same biological function.

Isomalt is a artificial sweetener — Artificial sweetener; 45-65% sweetness of sugar

Isomaltulose is a natural sweetener — Nutritive sweetener with low blood sugar effect

One of two or more chemical compounds with the same molecular formula.

Enzymes that catalyze interconversion of optical or geometric isomers.

Structure of five-carbon side chains as found in vitamins E and K.

Isopropyl Alcohol is a solvent processing aid — Antibacterial, solvent, denaturant

Enzymes with different amino acid sequences that catalyze the same reaction.

Ivermectin is a veterinary drug — Drug to treat worms in animals