F.

Gene cluster (FADS1/FADS2/FADS3) encoding delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases that catalyze rate-limiting steps in long-chain PUFA biosynthesis from α-linolenic and linoleic acids.

Inadequate physical growth in infants and young children, defined by weight or weight-for-length below set percentile thresholds.

FALCPA

Autosomal dominant disorder causing markedly elevated LDL cholesterol from birth and premature cardiovascular disease.

fat (dietary)

Fat Replacers is a other — Additives reducing fat and calorie levels while maintaining qualities of fat

Fatty Acids is a emulsifier — Emulsifiers, binders, lubricants, defoamer components

Fd And C Blue No. 1 is a colorant — Bright blue coal-tar coloring

Fd And C Blue No. 2 is a colorant — Royal blue coal-tar coloring

Fd And C Green No. 1 is a colorant — Dull dark green coloring

Fd And C Green No. 2 is a colorant — Coloring for bottled soft drinks

Fd And C Green No. 3 is a colorant — Sea green coloring; permanently listed 1982

Fd And C Red No. 2 is a colorant — Formerly widely used cosmetic and food coloring

Fd And C Red No. 3 is a colorant — Cherry red coal-tar xanthene coloring

Fd And C Red No. 4 is a colorant — Monoazo coal-tar coloring

Fd And C Red No. 40 is a colorant — Coal-tar coloring substituted for Red No. 4

Fd And C Violet No. 1 is a colorant — Coloring for gelatin desserts, candy, USDA meat stamp

Fd And C Yellow No. 5 is a colorant — Lemon yellow coal-tar pyrazole coloring

Fd And C Yellow No. 6 is a colorant — Coal-tar monoazo coloring

Interrelated spectrum of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density in female athletes.

Fenbendazole is a veterinary drug — Antiworm drug in animal feed, beef, pork

Fennel is a flavoring — Sausage and spice flavoring

Fermasure Xl is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

To break down substrates anaerobically to yield reduced products and energy.

Anaerobic breakdown of carbohydrates and protein by bacteria.

24-subunit iron storage protein that sequesters up to 4,500 iron atoms in a hollow ferrihydrite core; serum ferritin reflects body iron stores and is also an acute-phase reactant.

The sole known cellular iron exporter, present on the basolateral membrane of enterocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages, whose surface expression is controlled by hepcidin binding.

Ferrous Gluconate is a nutrient mineral — Iron salt nutrient; food coloring for ripe olives

Ferrous Lactate is a nutrient mineral — Food additive and dietary supplement

Ferrous Sulfate is a nutrient mineral — Source of iron used medicinally

Hepatokine induced by protein restriction, fasting, and amino acid imbalance that signals nutrient stress to the brain (increasing food and protein appetite) and adipose tissue (increasing energy expenditure and insulin sensitization).

Bone-derived phosphaturic hormone secreted by osteocytes that lowers serum phosphate by inhibiting renal NaPi-IIa/c reabsorption and suppressing renal CYP27B1, thereby reducing calcitriol synthesis.

Ficin is a enzyme — Meat tenderizer from tropical tree latex

Fifty_Fifty_Beef_Trim is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Filled Milk is a other — Combination of skim milk and vegetable oil to replace milk fat

Fish Oil is a other — Direct food ingredient rich in Omega-3 fatty acids

Flavonoids is a other — Large group of compounds widely distributed in plants

Flavophospholipol is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic used as antimicrobial growth promoter in animal feed

Flavor_Plus_Fast_Food_Mimic is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Flavourings is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

flexitarian

Flour, Bleached is a bleaching agent — Flour bleached with potassium bromate and chlorine dioxide gas

Fluoride is a nutrient mineral — Acid salt added to toothpaste and drinking water to prevent decay

Fluorine Compounds is a nutrient mineral — Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons used in water fluoridation

folate / folic acid

Folic Acid is a nutrient vitamin — Member of vitamin B complex

food additive

Adverse health effect arising from a specific immune response that occurs reproducibly on exposure to a given food.

Neighborhood or rural area with limited access to affordable, nutritious food, typically lacking a full-service grocery store.

food fad

food fortification (mandatory vs voluntary)

Self-administered dietary assessment instrument listing 100-200 foods with frequency categories and (typically) portion-size estimates, used to characterize habitual intake over months to a year.

food group

Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, or inability to acquire them in socially acceptable ways.

Non-immune-mediated adverse reaction to a food component, such as lactose intolerance or histamine intolerance.

Self-reported written log of all foods and beverages consumed, typically over three to seven days.

food waste

food-drug interaction

Disease resulting from consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, or their toxins.

Formaldehyde is a preservative — Preservative, disinfectant, germicide, fungicide, defoamer in animal feed and defoaming additives

Formesafen Sodium is a pesticide residue — Pesticide used on soybeans

Formic Acid is a preservative — Preservative for silage; used as decalcifier and for dehairing hides

fortified

fortified soy beverage

four steps to food safety

Age-related syndrome of physiologic decline characterized by decreased reserve, vulnerability to stressors, and high risk of disability, hospitalization, and mortality, operationalized by Fried's phenotype (≥3 of: weakness, slow walking, exhaustion, low activity, unintended weight loss).

Potential energy inherent in the chemical bonds of nutrients.

Atom or molecule that has one or more unpaired electrons.

free range

Fructooligosaccharides is a other — Naturally occurring sugars used as prebiotic, promotes growth of beneficial bacteria

Fructose is a natural sweetener — Natural sugar; sweetener, preservative, used in ice cream

Fruit Juice Concentrate is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Gene encoding an RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase whose intronic variants (notably rs9939609) are the strongest common genetic risk loci for adiposity discovered to date.

Fuller'S Earth is a anti caking — Adsorbent and to decolorize fats and oils

Fumaric Acid is a acidulant — Acidulant, leavening additive, dry acid for dessert powders, flavoring

Fumigants is a pesticide residue — Chemicals and gases used to kill pests on crops

Nondigestible carbohydrates isolated, extracted, or manufactured that show beneficial physiological effects in humans.

Food that provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition, either inherently or through fortification.

Fungaflor is a pesticide residue — Fungicide used in animal feed

Furadan is a pesticide residue — Insecticide in animal feed

Furans is a flavoring — Some furans used as flavorings; toxic by-product of manufacturing/burning

Furcelleran is a thickener gum — Emulsifier, stabilizer, thickener; extracted from red seaweed

Furfural is a flavoring — Solvent, insecticide, fungicide, synthetic flavoring in butter, butterscotch, caramel, coffee, rum

Furfuryl Alcohol is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring in butter, butterscotch, caramel, coffee, fruit, brandy

Furfuryl Mercaptan is a flavoring — Synthetic fruit, liquor, rum, nut, chocolate, and spice flavoring

Fusel Oil is a flavoring — Synthetic flavoring; product of carbohydrate fermentation