M.

Mace is a flavoring — Bitters, meat, and spice flavoring

Dietary nutrients that supply energy: fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Excessive fetal growth, typically defined as birth weight greater than 4,000 to 4,500 g or above the 90th percentile for gestational age.

Divalent cation essential as cofactor or activator for >300 enzymes including those involving ATP (which functions as Mg-ATP), important in bone (60% of body Mg), muscle contraction, and neuromuscular signaling.

Maillard Reaction is a other — Browning during cooking; amino acid + sugar reactions

Malathion is a pesticide residue — Insecticide against aphids and other pests

Maleic Hydrazide is a pesticide residue — Plant growth regulator on tobacco, potatoes, onions to prevent sprouting

Malic Acid is a acidulant — Acid in frozen dairy, beverages, baked goods, confections, fruit

State resulting from a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, or other nutrients that causes measurable adverse effects.

Two-question screening tool for adult inpatients asking about recent unintentional weight loss and recent poor appetite.

Malt Extract is a flavoring — Nutrient and texturizer in cured meat and poultry; brewing

Maltitol is a natural sweetener — Sugar substitute, 90% sweetness of sugar

Maltodextrin is a thickener gum — Texturizer and flavor enhancer in candies

Maltol is a flavor enhancer — Synthetic chocolate, coffee, fruit, maple, nut, vanilla flavoring

Maltose is a natural sweetener — Nutrient, sweetener, culture medium, stabilizer; used in cheeses and brewing

Manganese Sources is a nutrient mineral — Mineral supplement; activators of enzymes

Mannitol is a natural sweetener — Texturizer in chewing gum, candy, jams, jellies

Maple Syrup is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by total body wasting (weight-for-height <70% median, mid-upper arm circumference <115 mm in children) without edema, due to chronic energy and protein deficit.

Margarine is a other — Butter substitute from animal/vegetable fats or oils

Marjoram, Pot is a flavoring — Sausage and spice flavoring

Mastic Gum is a thickener gum — Food ingredient in Mediterranean region

Evidence-based nutrition assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention provided by an RDN to treat a medical condition.

Traditional dietary pattern of olive oil-rich Mediterranean populations characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fish, and moderate wine, with low intake of red and processed meats.

Mediterranean eating pattern

Macrocytic anemia caused by impaired DNA synthesis in red blood cell precursors, usually from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.

Melamine is a other — Used in paper/paperboard packaging; illegal protein adulterant

Menadione is a nutrient vitamin — Synthetic vitamin K; dietary supplement

Menthol is a flavoring — Butter, caramel, fruit, peppermint, spearmint flavoring; local anesthetic

Mercury is a other — Toxic contaminant in fish/seafood

mercury in fish

Cluster of central obesity, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides, low HDL), elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose that confers excess risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Systematic study of small-molecule metabolites (<1,500 Da) in biological samples using mass spectrometry or NMR, providing objective biomarkers of dietary intake, metabolic state, and disease.

Small cysteine-rich intracellular protein that binds zinc, copper, and other heavy metals, induced by zinc itself, glucocorticoids, and oxidative stress, that buffers cellular metal availability.

Methane Dichloride is a solvent processing aid — Solvent to extract chemicals; decaffeinate coffee

Methanol is a solvent processing aid — Solvent and denaturant for hops and spices

Methionine is a amino acid — Essential amino acid; dietary substance, frying oil enhancement

Methoxychlor is a pesticide residue — Insecticide for flies, mosquitoes, on food crops and livestock

Methyl Alcohol is a solvent processing aid — Solvent for spice oleoresins and hops extract for beer

Methyl Bromide is a pesticide residue — Fumigant in warehouses for nuts, seeds, flours

Methyl Chloride is a pesticide residue — Spray pesticide in food storage; not to contact fatty foods

Methyl Salicylate is a flavoring — Mint, wintergreen, root beer, sarsaparilla flavoring

Methylcellulose is a thickener gum — Binder, thickener, dispersing, emulsifying additive

Methylene Chloride is a solvent processing aid — Decaffeinating solvent for coffee; common industrial solvent

Organic acid that accumulates when methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity is impaired by vitamin B12 deficiency; elevated serum or urine MMA is a sensitive functional marker of B12 deficiency.

Methylparaben is a preservative — Preservative in jelly, preserves, cosmetics

Mibolerone is a veterinary drug — Male hormone in dog food to increase growth

Stable aggregate of lipid molecules in equilibrium within an aqueous solution.

The collective genomes, metabolites, and ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting a body site (most commonly the colon), distinct from the microbiota (the organisms themselves).

Microcrystalline Wax is a other — Substitute for natural waxes; laminating paper and films

Solid cytoskeletal structure made of a double-helix polymer of actin.

Bacteria adapted to living in a specific environment, such as the intestines.

Small noncoding RNAs that silence gene expression by binding mRNA.

Hollow, cylindrical cytoskeletal structures composed of tubulin.

Extensions of intestinal epithelial cells that present a large surface area for absorption.

Milk Clotting Enzyme From Bacillus Cereus is a enzyme — Used to clot milk in cheese making

Milk Powder, Whole, Enzyme Modified is a other — Enzyme-modified milk powder prepared with GRAS enzymes from reconstituted milk

Milk_Protein_Concentrate is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Milkfat is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Hybrid of Mediterranean and DASH diets emphasizing 10 brain-healthy food groups (leafy greens, berries, nuts, whole grains, fish, beans, poultry, olive oil, wine) and 5 to limit (red meat, butter/margarine, cheese, sweets, fried food).

mindful eating

mineral

Mineral Oil is a solvent processing aid — Refined liquid hydrocarbon used as defoamer, coating, lubricant, dough divider, pan oil

Validated screening tool specifically designed for adults aged 65 and older.

Cellular organelles that produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation and host the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Moca is a other — Packaging adhesive (prohibited from indirect addition to food from food contact surface)

Modified Cellulose is a thickener gum — Cellulose-based gum used as thickener and stabilizer

Modified Starch is a thickener gum — Starch chemically altered to modify thickening or jelling properties

Modified_Food_Starch is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Moenomycin is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic used as animal feed drug for poultry, calves, and swine

Molasses is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Quantity of a substance equal to its molecular or atomic weight expressed in grams.

Molybdenum is a nutrient mineral — Dietary supplement; trace element in animal and plant metabolism

Monensin is a veterinary drug — Broad-spectrum antibiotic from Streptomyces cinnamonensis used in cattle feed to speed growth

Step 4 of the NCP: tracking client progress on indicators tied to the assessment and evaluating intervention effectiveness.

Mono- And Diglycerides is a emulsifier — All-purpose food additive synthesized from mono- and diglycerides from edible sources; used as emulsifiers, lubricants, release agents, and surface-active agents

Mono- And Diglycerides Of Fatty Acids is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.

Mono- And Diglycerides, Diacetyltartaric Acid Esters is a emulsifier — Emulsifier used in food, esters of mono- and diacetyltartaric acid with food fats

Mono- And Diglycerides, Ethoxylated is a emulsifier — Synthetically produced from mono- and diglycerides for uniform texture in baked goods

Monocalcium Phosphate is a acidulant — Buffer, leavening agent in self-rising flours, firming agent

Monomethyltin is a other — Organotin used as heat stabilizer in PVC and CPVC piping; contaminant of food-packaging applications

Monopotassium Glutamate is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer and salt substitute used in meat

Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be reduced to smaller carbohydrate units.

Monosodium Methylarsonate is a pesticide residue — Herbicide used on animal feed and cottonseed hulls

monounsaturated fat

Morantel is a veterinary drug — Worm medicine used to treat cattle

Morpholine is a solvent processing aid — Coating on fresh fruits and vegetables; cheap solvent for resins, waxes, dyes; corrosion inhibitor

Movement.

Person-centered, collaborative counseling style that strengthens a client's own motivation and commitment to change.

Moxidectin is a veterinary drug — Antibacterial for treatment of internal and external parasites in cattle

Msg is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer used to intensify meat and spice flavorings

Riboflavin (FAD)-dependent enzyme that reduces 5,10-methylene-THF to 5-methyl-THF, committing folate to methionine remethylation rather than thymidylate synthesis.

Nutrient- and growth factor-sensing protein kinase complex that, when active, drives protein synthesis, lipogenesis, and cell growth while suppressing autophagy.

Glycoproteins found in some body secretions, such as saliva.

multivitamin

Musk Ambrette is a flavoring — Synthetic musk fragrance/flavoring (now banned in direct-skin-contact products)

Musk Ketone is a flavoring — Synthetic nitro musk used in cosmetics and permitted as food additive

Change in the structure of a gene.

Myclobutanil is a pesticide residue — Systemic fungicide used on fruits

Mycoprotein is a other — Meat substitute made by fermentation of fungus Fusarium graminearum

USDA's consumer-facing food guidance icon, dividing a plate into vegetables, fruits, grains, protein, and dairy.

Myristic Acid is a flavoring — Solid organic acid used in butter, butterscotch, chocolate, coconut, and fruit flavorings