102 entries
- MaceUPF
Mace is a flavoring — Bitters, meat, and spice flavoring
- Macronutrient
Dietary nutrients that supply energy: fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
- Macrosomia
Excessive fetal growth, typically defined as birth weight greater than 4,000 to 4,500 g or above the 90th percentile for gestational age.
- Magnesium
Divalent cation essential as cofactor or activator for >300 enzymes including those involving ATP (which functions as Mg-ATP), important in bone (60% of body Mg), muscle contraction, and neuromuscular signaling.
- Maillard Reaction
Maillard Reaction is a other — Browning during cooking; amino acid + sugar reactions
- Malathion
Malathion is a pesticide residue — Insecticide against aphids and other pests
- Maleic Hydrazide
Maleic Hydrazide is a pesticide residue — Plant growth regulator on tobacco, potatoes, onions to prevent sprouting
- Malic AcidUPF
Malic Acid is a acidulant — Acid in frozen dairy, beverages, baked goods, confections, fruit
- Malnutrition
State resulting from a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, or other nutrients that causes measurable adverse effects.
- Malnutrition Screening Tool
Two-question screening tool for adult inpatients asking about recent unintentional weight loss and recent poor appetite.
- Malt ExtractUPF
Malt Extract is a flavoring — Nutrient and texturizer in cured meat and poultry; brewing
- Maltitol
Maltitol is a natural sweetener — Sugar substitute, 90% sweetness of sugar
- MaltodextrinUPF
Maltodextrin is a thickener gum — Texturizer and flavor enhancer in candies
- MaltolUPF
Maltol is a flavor enhancer — Synthetic chocolate, coffee, fruit, maple, nut, vanilla flavoring
- Maltose
Maltose is a natural sweetener — Nutrient, sweetener, culture medium, stabilizer; used in cheeses and brewing
- Manganese Sources
Manganese Sources is a nutrient mineral — Mineral supplement; activators of enzymes
- Mannitol
Mannitol is a natural sweetener — Texturizer in chewing gum, candy, jams, jellies
- Maple Syrup
Maple Syrup is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
- Marasmus
Severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by total body wasting (weight-for-height <70% median, mid-upper arm circumference <115 mm in children) without edema, due to chronic energy and protein deficit.
- Margarine
Margarine is a other — Butter substitute from animal/vegetable fats or oils
- Marjoram, PotUPF
Marjoram, Pot is a flavoring — Sausage and spice flavoring
- Mastic GumUPF
Mastic Gum is a thickener gum — Food ingredient in Mediterranean region
- Medical Nutrition Therapy
Evidence-based nutrition assessment, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention provided by an RDN to treat a medical condition.
- Mediterranean Diet
Traditional dietary pattern of olive oil-rich Mediterranean populations characterized by high intake of vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, fish, and moderate wine, with low intake of red and processed meats.
- Mediterranean eating pattern
Mediterranean eating pattern
- Megaloblastic Anemia
Macrocytic anemia caused by impaired DNA synthesis in red blood cell precursors, usually from vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
- Melamine
Melamine is a other — Used in paper/paperboard packaging; illegal protein adulterant
- Menadione
Menadione is a nutrient vitamin — Synthetic vitamin K; dietary supplement
- MentholUPF
Menthol is a flavoring — Butter, caramel, fruit, peppermint, spearmint flavoring; local anesthetic
- Mercury
Mercury is a other — Toxic contaminant in fish/seafood
- mercury in fish
mercury in fish
- Metabolic Syndrome
Cluster of central obesity, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides, low HDL), elevated blood pressure, and impaired fasting glucose that confers excess risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- Metabolomics
Systematic study of small-molecule metabolites (<1,500 Da) in biological samples using mass spectrometry or NMR, providing objective biomarkers of dietary intake, metabolic state, and disease.
- Metallothionein
Small cysteine-rich intracellular protein that binds zinc, copper, and other heavy metals, induced by zinc itself, glucocorticoids, and oxidative stress, that buffers cellular metal availability.
- Methane DichlorideUPF
Methane Dichloride is a solvent processing aid — Solvent to extract chemicals; decaffeinate coffee
- MethanolUPF
Methanol is a solvent processing aid — Solvent and denaturant for hops and spices
- Methionine
Methionine is a amino acid — Essential amino acid; dietary substance, frying oil enhancement
- Methoxychlor
Methoxychlor is a pesticide residue — Insecticide for flies, mosquitoes, on food crops and livestock
- Methyl AlcoholUPF
Methyl Alcohol is a solvent processing aid — Solvent for spice oleoresins and hops extract for beer
- Methyl Bromide
Methyl Bromide is a pesticide residue — Fumigant in warehouses for nuts, seeds, flours
- Methyl Chloride
Methyl Chloride is a pesticide residue — Spray pesticide in food storage; not to contact fatty foods
- Methyl SalicylateUPF
Methyl Salicylate is a flavoring — Mint, wintergreen, root beer, sarsaparilla flavoring
- MethylcelluloseUPF
Methylcellulose is a thickener gum — Binder, thickener, dispersing, emulsifying additive
- Methylene ChlorideUPF
Methylene Chloride is a solvent processing aid — Decaffeinating solvent for coffee; common industrial solvent
- Methylmalonic Acid (MMA)
Organic acid that accumulates when methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity is impaired by vitamin B12 deficiency; elevated serum or urine MMA is a sensitive functional marker of B12 deficiency.
- MethylparabenUPF
Methylparaben is a preservative — Preservative in jelly, preserves, cosmetics
- Mibolerone
Mibolerone is a veterinary drug — Male hormone in dog food to increase growth
- Micelle
Stable aggregate of lipid molecules in equilibrium within an aqueous solution.
- Microbiome
The collective genomes, metabolites, and ecosystem of microorganisms inhabiting a body site (most commonly the colon), distinct from the microbiota (the organisms themselves).
- Microcrystalline Wax
Microcrystalline Wax is a other — Substitute for natural waxes; laminating paper and films
- Microfilament
Solid cytoskeletal structure made of a double-helix polymer of actin.
- Microflora
Bacteria adapted to living in a specific environment, such as the intestines.
- MicroRNAs
Small noncoding RNAs that silence gene expression by binding mRNA.
- Microtubules
Hollow, cylindrical cytoskeletal structures composed of tubulin.
- Microvilli
Extensions of intestinal epithelial cells that present a large surface area for absorption.
- Milk Clotting Enzyme From Bacillus Cereus
Milk Clotting Enzyme From Bacillus Cereus is a enzyme — Used to clot milk in cheese making
- Milk Powder, Whole, Enzyme Modified
Milk Powder, Whole, Enzyme Modified is a other — Enzyme-modified milk powder prepared with GRAS enzymes from reconstituted milk
- Milk_protein_concentrate
Milk_Protein_Concentrate is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
- Milkfat
Milkfat is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
- MIND Diet
Hybrid of Mediterranean and DASH diets emphasizing 10 brain-healthy food groups (leafy greens, berries, nuts, whole grains, fish, beans, poultry, olive oil, wine) and 5 to limit (red meat, butter/margarine, cheese, sweets, fried food).
- mindful eating
mindful eating
- mineral
mineral
- Mineral OilUPF
Mineral Oil is a solvent processing aid — Refined liquid hydrocarbon used as defoamer, coating, lubricant, dough divider, pan oil
- Mini Nutritional Assessment
Validated screening tool specifically designed for adults aged 65 and older.
- Mitochondria
Cellular organelles that produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation and host the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
- Moca
Moca is a other — Packaging adhesive (prohibited from indirect addition to food from food contact surface)
- Modified CelluloseUPF
Modified Cellulose is a thickener gum — Cellulose-based gum used as thickener and stabilizer
- Modified StarchUPF
Modified Starch is a thickener gum — Starch chemically altered to modify thickening or jelling properties
- Modified_food_starch
Modified_Food_Starch is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
- Moenomycin
Moenomycin is a veterinary drug — Antibiotic used as animal feed drug for poultry, calves, and swine
- Molasses
Molasses is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
- Mole
Quantity of a substance equal to its molecular or atomic weight expressed in grams.
- Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a nutrient mineral — Dietary supplement; trace element in animal and plant metabolism
- Monensin
Monensin is a veterinary drug — Broad-spectrum antibiotic from Streptomyces cinnamonensis used in cattle feed to speed growth
- Monitoring and Evaluation
Step 4 of the NCP: tracking client progress on indicators tied to the assessment and evaluating intervention effectiveness.
- Mono- And DiglyceridesUPF
Mono- And Diglycerides is a emulsifier — All-purpose food additive synthesized from mono- and diglycerides from edible sources; used as emulsifiers, lubricants, release agents, and surface-active agents
- Mono- And Diglycerides Of Fatty Acids
Mono- And Diglycerides Of Fatty Acids is a other additive listed in the FDA food-additive database.
- Mono- And Diglycerides, Diacetyltartaric Acid EstersUPF
Mono- And Diglycerides, Diacetyltartaric Acid Esters is a emulsifier — Emulsifier used in food, esters of mono- and diacetyltartaric acid with food fats
- Mono- And Diglycerides, EthoxylatedUPF
Mono- And Diglycerides, Ethoxylated is a emulsifier — Synthetically produced from mono- and diglycerides for uniform texture in baked goods
- Monocalcium PhosphateUPF
Monocalcium Phosphate is a acidulant — Buffer, leavening agent in self-rising flours, firming agent
- Monomethyltin
Monomethyltin is a other — Organotin used as heat stabilizer in PVC and CPVC piping; contaminant of food-packaging applications
- Monopotassium GlutamateUPF
Monopotassium Glutamate is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer and salt substitute used in meat
- Monosaccharides
Simplest carbohydrates that cannot be reduced to smaller carbohydrate units.
- Monosodium Methylarsonate
Monosodium Methylarsonate is a pesticide residue — Herbicide used on animal feed and cottonseed hulls
- monounsaturated fat
monounsaturated fat
- Morantel
Morantel is a veterinary drug — Worm medicine used to treat cattle
- MorpholineUPF
Morpholine is a solvent processing aid — Coating on fresh fruits and vegetables; cheap solvent for resins, waxes, dyes; corrosion inhibitor
- Motility
Movement.
- Motivational Interviewing
Person-centered, collaborative counseling style that strengthens a client's own motivation and commitment to change.
- Moxidectin
Moxidectin is a veterinary drug — Antibacterial for treatment of internal and external parasites in cattle
- MsgUPF
Msg is a flavor enhancer — Flavor enhancer used to intensify meat and spice flavorings
- MTHFR
Riboflavin (FAD)-dependent enzyme that reduces 5,10-methylene-THF to 5-methyl-THF, committing folate to methionine remethylation rather than thymidylate synthesis.
- mTORC1
Nutrient- and growth factor-sensing protein kinase complex that, when active, drives protein synthesis, lipogenesis, and cell growth while suppressing autophagy.
- Mucins
Glycoproteins found in some body secretions, such as saliva.
- multivitamin
multivitamin
- Musk AmbretteUPF
Musk Ambrette is a flavoring — Synthetic musk fragrance/flavoring (now banned in direct-skin-contact products)
- Musk KetoneUPF
Musk Ketone is a flavoring — Synthetic nitro musk used in cosmetics and permitted as food additive
- Mutation
Change in the structure of a gene.
- Myclobutanil
Myclobutanil is a pesticide residue — Systemic fungicide used on fruits
- Mycoprotein
Mycoprotein is a other — Meat substitute made by fermentation of fungus Fusarium graminearum
- MyPlate
USDA's consumer-facing food guidance icon, dividing a plate into vegetables, fruits, grains, protein, and dairy.
- Myristic AcidUPF
Myristic Acid is a flavoring — Solid organic acid used in butter, butterscotch, chocolate, coconut, and fruit flavorings